🇰🇵
critical Risk

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

State-sponsored cryptocurrency theft operations primarily conducted by the Lazarus Group, responsible for over $5.2 billion in stolen cryptocurrency since 2017.

207

Active Wallets

$5.20B

Total Stolen

11

Clusters

25

Active Alerts

BREAKING February 21, 2025

Bybit Exchange - $1.46B Stolen (Largest Crypto Hack Ever)

Lazarus Group has executed the largest cryptocurrency hack in history, draining 401,346 ETH ($1.46 billion) from Bybit's cold wallet through multisig UI manipulation. Funds are currently being dispersed across multiple wallets.

Executive Summary

North Korea has emerged as the most prolific nation-state actor in cryptocurrency theft, with DPRK-linked hackers stealing over $5.2 billion in cryptocurrency since 2017. These operations are primarily attributed to the Lazarus Group, a state-sponsored hacking collective that operates under the Reconnaissance General Bureau (RGB), North Korea's primary intelligence agency.

2024-2025 Attack Pattern: Lazarus has shifted focus to exploiting multisig wallet implementations and UI manipulation attacks on major exchanges, culminating in the historic $1.46B Bybit hack in February 2025.

Key attack vectors:

  • Cross-chain bridge exploits (Ronin, Harmony, Orbit)
  • Multisig/Safe UI manipulation attacks
  • Social engineering via fake job offers
  • Supply chain attacks (TraderTraitor, AppleJeus)

Laundering techniques:

  • Tornado Cash (pre-sanction stockpiles)
  • THORChain cross-chain swaps
  • YoMix & eXch mixers
  • Peel chains and rapid dispersion

The stolen funds ultimately support North Korea's nuclear and ballistic missile programs, with the UN estimating cryptocurrency theft provides up to 50% of DPRK's foreign currency earnings.

Major Incidents (11 confirmed)

Incident Date Victim Amount Status Attribution
Bybit Cold Wallet Hack NEW

Cold wallet multisig UI manipulation

2025-02-21 Bybit Exchange Cryptocurrency Exchange $1.46B ACTIVE confirmed
Ronin Bridge Hack

Validator key compromise via social engineering

2022-03-23 Ronin Network / Axie Infinity Blockchain Bridge $620.00M +$30.00M recovered LAUNDERING confirmed
DMM Bitcoin Hack

Private key compromise

2024-05-31 DMM Bitcoin Exchange Cryptocurrency Exchange $308.00M LAUNDERING confirmed
WazirX Hack

Multisig Safe UI manipulation

2024-07-18 WazirX Exchange Cryptocurrency Exchange $230.00M LAUNDERING confirmed
Poloniex Hack

Hot wallet compromise

2023-11-10 Poloniex Exchange Cryptocurrency Exchange $125.00M LAUNDERING confirmed
Harmony Horizon Bridge

Multisig compromise (2-of-5)

2022-06-23 Harmony Protocol Blockchain Bridge $100.00M LAUNDERING confirmed
Atomic Wallet Hack

Software supply chain compromise

2023-06-03 Atomic Wallet Users Desktop Wallet $100.00M LAUNDERING confirmed
HTX/Heco Bridge Hack

Simultaneous hot wallet and bridge attack

2023-11-22 HTX Exchange / Heco Bridge Exchange & Bridge $99.00M LAUNDERING confirmed
Orbit Chain Hack

Bridge multisig compromise

2024-01-01 Orbit Chain Blockchain Bridge $82.00M LAUNDERING confirmed
CoinEx Hack

Hot wallet key compromise

2023-09-12 CoinEx Exchange Cryptocurrency Exchange $54.00M LAUNDERING confirmed
Stake.com Hack

Hot wallet private key leak

2023-09-04 Stake.com Casino Crypto Casino $41.00M LAUNDERING confirmed

DPRK Wallet Clusters

View All Clusters →

Ronin Bridge Cluster

DPRK-RONIN-2022

$620.00M

Total Volume

86

Wallets

#bridge-hack#high-value#layering

Harmony Horizon Cluster

DPRK-HARMONY-2022

$100.00M

Total Volume

42

Wallets

#bridge-hack#chain-hopping

Atomic Wallet Cluster

DPRK-ATOMIC-2023

$100.00M

Total Volume

156

Wallets

#wallet-hack#multi-chain#active-laundering

CoinEx Hot Wallet Cluster

DPRK-COINEX-2023

$54.00M

Total Volume

38

Wallets

#exchange-hack#hot-wallet

Stake.com Cluster

DPRK-STAKE-2023

$41.00M

Total Volume

24

Wallets

#casino-hack#defi

Poloniex Hot Wallet Cluster

DPRK-POLONIEX-2023

$125.00M

Total Volume

52

Wallets

#exchange-hack#active-laundering

Threat Actors

Lazarus Group

HIGH CONFIDENCE FBI, CISA, DOJ

Also known as: HIDDEN COBRA, Guardians of Peace, APT38, BlueNoroff, Stardust Chollima, Zinc, Diamond Sleet

$3.50B

Estimated Volume

Primary North Korean state-sponsored hacking group responsible for cryptocurrency heists exceeding $3 billion since 2017. Operates under the Reconnaissance General Bureau (RGB).

First Observed

2009

Active Wallets

127

Last Activity

2025-02-20

Primary Targets

5 categories

Tactics

Exchange hacks DeFi exploits Social engineering Malware deployment Chain hopping Fake job offers Supply chain attacks

Primary Targets

Cryptocurrency exchanges DeFi protocols Blockchain bridges Financial institutions Web3 developers

Malware

AppleJeus TraderTraitor RustBucket KANDYKORN SmoothOperator

APT38 / BlueNoroff

HIGH CONFIDENCE FBI, NSA

Also known as: BlueNoroff, Stardust Chollima, Sapphire Sleet, CryptoCore

$1.10B

Estimated Volume

Financially motivated subset of Lazarus, focused on cryptocurrency theft and banking fraud. Specializes in social engineering attacks targeting crypto employees.

First Observed

2014

Active Wallets

43

Last Activity

2025-02-18

Primary Targets

4 categories

Tactics

SWIFT fraud Cryptocurrency theft Watering hole attacks Fake trading apps macOS malware

Primary Targets

Banks Cryptocurrency exchanges FinTech companies Venture capital firms

Malware

RustBucket SwiftSlicer PowerRatankba

Andariel / Silent Chollima

HIGH CONFIDENCE FBI

Also known as: Silent Chollima, Onyx Sleet, PLUTONIUM, DarkSeoul

$200.00M

Estimated Volume

RGB-affiliated group involved in ransomware operations and cryptocurrency extortion. Also known to target healthcare and defense sectors.

First Observed

2015

Active Wallets

15

Last Activity

2025-01-30

Primary Targets

4 categories

Tactics

Ransomware Cryptojacking ATM jackpotting Database theft

Primary Targets

Healthcare Defense contractors Energy sector Small businesses

Malware

Maui H0lyGh0st Preft

Kimsuky

HIGH CONFIDENCE CISA, NSA

Also known as: Emerald Sleet, Velvet Chollima, Black Banshee, APT43, Thallium

$150.00M

Estimated Volume

North Korean espionage group that has expanded into cryptocurrency theft. Known for targeting South Korean crypto exchanges and researchers.

First Observed

2012

Active Wallets

22

Last Activity

2025-02-10

Primary Targets

4 categories

Tactics

Spear phishing Credential harvesting Crypto wallet theft Academic impersonation

Primary Targets

Think tanks Government officials Cryptocurrency researchers South Korean exchanges

Malware

BabyShark ReconShark FastViewer

Designated Wallets

21 addresses tracked
Address Chain Entity Cluster Received Source
0x098B716B...3E2f96
ethereum

Lazarus Group - Ronin Primary

2022-04-14

DPRK-RONIN-2022 $620.00M ofac
0x35fB6f6d...26D4b1
ethereum

Lazarus Group - Ronin Layering 1

2022-04-22

DPRK-RONIN-2022 $180.00M ofac
0x53264Ba6...3E7414
ethereum

Lazarus Group - Ronin Layering 2

2022-04-22

DPRK-RONIN-2022 $125.00M ofac
0x0d043128...5DeD00
ethereum

Lazarus Group - Harmony Primary

2023-04-24

DPRK-HARMONY-2022 $100.00M ofac
0xf424C849...c30D62
ethereum

Lazarus Group - Harmony Layering

2022-06-25

DPRK-HARMONY-2022 $45.00M research
0x5019c0CB...bDA94f
ethereum

Lazarus Group - Atomic ETH Primary

2023-06-05

DPRK-ATOMIC-2023 $35.00M fbi
bc1q84z7qn...4t4mzp
bitcoin

Lazarus Group - Atomic BTC Primary

2023-06-05

DPRK-ATOMIC-2023 $28.00M fbi
TNHjNoGpwQ...VbRUYf
tron

Lazarus Group - Atomic TRX Primary

2023-06-05

DPRK-ATOMIC-2023 $22.00M fbi
0xCC1AE485...cCE454
ethereum

Lazarus Group - CoinEx Primary

2023-09-12

DPRK-COINEX-2023 $28.00M research
0x3130662a...0BCD3c
ethereum

Lazarus Group - Stake Primary

2023-09-06

DPRK-STAKE-2023 $25.00M fbi
0x0A5984f8...DbF9E7
ethereum

Lazarus Group - Poloniex ETH

2023-11-11

DPRK-POLONIEX-2023 $56.00M research
TKSitnfTLV...yHRHv2
tron

Lazarus Group - Poloniex TRX

2023-11-11

DPRK-POLONIEX-2023 $42.00M research
0x799982B7...d51c91
ethereum

APT38 - HTX/Heco Primary

2023-11-23

DPRK-HECO-2023 $50.00M research
bc1qegcfpv...w6lp0t
bitcoin

Lazarus Group - DMM BTC Primary

2024-06-15

DPRK-DMMBIC-2024 $125.00M fbi
bc1qv4h5n7...3zj8u4
bitcoin

Lazarus Group - DMM BTC Secondary

2024-06-01

DPRK-DMMBIC-2024 $95.00M research

These addresses include OFAC-designated wallets and FBI-identified addresses. Transactions with these addresses may violate U.S. sanctions laws.

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